Non-Member Countries of the United Nations

Although most of the worlds 196 countries have joined forces to tackle global issues like global warming, trade policy, and human rights and humanitarian issues through joined the United Nations as U.N. member states, two countries are not members of the U.N.: Palestine and the Holy See (Vatican City). Both, however, are considered Non-member States of the United Nations, which means they have permanent invitations to participate as observers of the General Assembly and are provided free access to documents of the United Nations. Although not specifically dictated in provisions of the United Nations, the non-member permanent observer status has been recognized as a matter of practice in the U.N. since 1946 when the Swiss Government was given the status by the Secretary-General. More often than not, permanent observers later join the United Nations as full members when their independence has been recognized by more members and their governments and economy have stabilized enough to be able to provide financial, military or humanitarian support for international initiatives of the United Nations. Palestine Palestine currently operates on a Permanent Observer Mission of the State of Palestine to the United Nations because of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict and its subsequent fight for independence. Until such a time as the conflict is resolved, though, the United Nations cannot allow Palestine to become a full member because of a conflict of interest with Israel, which is a member state. Unlike other conflicts in the past, namely Taiwan-China, the United Nations favors a two-state resolution to the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict wherein both states emerge from the battle as independent nations under a peaceful pact. If this does happen, Palestine would almost certainly be accepted as a full member of the United Nations, though that depends on member states votes during the next General Assembly. The Holy See (Vatican City) The independent papal state of 771 people (including the Pope) was created in 1929, but they have not chosen to become part of the international organization. Still, Vatican City currently operates in the United Nations as a Permanent Observer Mission of the Holy See to the U.N. Essentially, this just means that the Holy See—which is separate from Vatican City State — has access to all parts of the United Nations but does not get to cast a vote in the General Assembly, largely because of the Popes preference to not immediately affect international policy. The Holy See is the only fully independent nation to choose not to be a member of the United Nations. States Without Non-member Observer Status Unlike the U.N.s official permanent observers, these states are not recognized by the U.N. However, they are recognized as independent states by some of the U.N.s members. Name Recognized By Kosovo 102 U.N. member states Western Sahara 44 U.N. member states Taiwan 16 U.N. member states South Ossetia 5 U.N. member states Abkhazia 5 U.N. member states Northern Cyprus 1 U.N. member state Kosovo Kosovo declared independence from Serbia  on February 17, 2008, but has not gained complete international recognition to allow it to become a member of the United Nations. Still, at least one member country of the U.N. recognizes Kosovo as capable of independence, though it technically still remains part of Serbia, acting as an independent province. However, Kosovo is not listed as an official non-member state of the United Nations, though it has joined the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, which are two other international communities focused more on international economy and global trade rather than geopolitical issues. Kosovo does hope to one day join the United Nations as a full member, but political unrest in the region, as well as the ongoing United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK), have kept the country from political stability to the degree required to join as a functioning member state. Today, Kosovo is recognized by 102 U.N. members. Taiwan In 1971 the Peoples Republic of China (mainland China) replaced Taiwan (also known as the Republic of China) in the United Nations, and to this day the status of Taiwan remains in limbo because of political unrest between those claiming Taiwanese independence and PRCs insistence on control over the entire region. The General Assembly has not fully extended the non-member state status of Taiwan since 2012 because of this unrest. Unlike Palestine, however, the United Nations does not favor a two-state resolution and has subsequently not offered non-member status to Taiwan as to not offend the Peoples Republic of China, which is a member state. Today, Taiwan is recognized by 16 U.N. members.

A Short Note On Disesae Neuroimaging Initiative ( Adni ) ...

ALZHEIMERS DISESAE NEUROIMAGING INITIATIVE (ADNI) - A REVIEW OF PAPERS SINCE ITS INCEPTION ASHWANI KUMAR MISHRA 13510025 MSc COGNITIVE SCIENCE INDEPENDENT RESEARCH ABSTRACT 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. ABOUT ALZHEIMERS DISEASE 2 ADNI 2.1 EPIDEMIOLOGY 2.2 MAJOR ACHIEVEMENTS OF ADNI 2.3 QUALITY CONTROL 2.4 LONI DATA ARCHIVE 2.5 ADNI- MRI CORE 3. PURPOSE OF MRI 3.1MRI 3.2 MATERIAL AND METHODS IN MRI OF ADNI 4. MULTI ATLAS SELECTION 4.1 REGISTRATION AND SEGMENTATION 4.2 AUTOMATED TEMPORAL LOBE AND HIPPOCAMPAL SEGEMNTATION 4.3 CORTICAL THICKNESS 5. CONCLUSION 6. REFERANCES Abstract The Alzheimer disease neuroimaging initiative is a globally acclaimed work of collaboration among scientists. This provides any researcher either in developed or in the developing part of the world to participate in better understanding Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Since its inception a number of papers have been published with various types of data’s. In this paper I tried to highlight the ADNI work more so dealing with history of ADNI and its data acquisition plus sharing of MRI related images and its methodology. Keywords Alzheimer s disease, ADNI, Image Processing, Brain Atlas, Magnetic Resonance Imaging 1. Introduction †¢ Alzheimer s disease (AD) the commonest form of dementia (70 %). It is a complex disease which is characterized by an accumulation of ÃŽ ²-amyloid (AÃŽ ²) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau amyloid fibrils associated with synapse loss and

Benjamin Franklins Red Jacket Defends Native American...

The use of rhetoric is important, especially depending on your audience. Rhetorical devices are known for being used by Aristotle in 384 BC and even in today’s era where it is used by political leaders, spokesmen, etc. In a document written by Benjamin Franklin â€Å"Benjamin Franklin: Remarks concerning the Savages of North America† and in Red Jacket’s speech â€Å"Red Jacket Defends Native American Religion, 1805.† Ethos, logos, and pathos, along with other rhetorical devices are used by both Red Jacket and Benjamin Franklin, which is very important and can help with informing people, and even persuading them into side with a person during their speech. In â€Å"Red Jacket Defends Native American Religion, 1805.,† Red Jacket uses several rhetorical†¦show more content†¦Red Jacket is a reliable source who has credibility on what he is stating. Benjamin Franklin is similar to Red Jacket, but not in the sense that Franklin is actually agreei ng with his fellow people. In â€Å"Benjamin Franklin: Remarks concerning the Savages of North America,† Benjamin Franklin is a credible writer. He is not being ethnocentric when viewing how life is with both the Englishmen and Native Americans. The title of Franklin’s document catches the attention of many, making it seem as if Franklin is talking about the Natives themselves. The trust and credibility Franklin has with his audience has the effect of persuading his audience that the Natives are not as bad as that make them to be and that they are just as human as the next Englishman. But perhaps that trust was taken away from Benjamin Franklin and some of his fellow comrades did not agree with him for siding with the Native Americans. His explain of what is going on can also help his audience empathize with the Native Americans. Helping his audience is not only appealing to pathos, but also to ethos. Ethos can be given to or taken away from the speaker because ethos w ill always depend on the trust the speaker has with their audience. Irony is also used by Franklin in the document. In the text of â€Å"Benjamin Franklin: Remarks concerning the Savages of Native Americans,† Benjamin

The Benefits of Juvenile Sentencing to Service Essay

Sentencing to Service (STS) is a sentencing option available to most Courts where a convicted offender works off† his/her fine by performing a specified number of hours of public service work under the supervision of a work crew leader employed by the state or a local corrections agency. Courts may also sentence offenders to STS rather than jail or workhouse time. STS was established in 1986 by the Minnesota Department of Corrections along with several County Sheriff’s Departments, community corrections, Courts and local governments. This program was designed to both free up bed space in a correctional facility as well as provide the Courts of juvenile and adult offenders a means of providing supervised community service.†¦show more content†¦Fiscal year 2007 data on programs receiving state funds indicates that more than 18,000 offenders participated in STS, working almost 976,000 hours. To be eligible for the STS program juvenile offenders can not be convicted of a violent crime, criminal sexual conduct, or gang related crimes. The offender must be at least 14 years of age. The juvenile must not have a history of violence; the court may also look at school records in determining this sentencing option. The Courts must also believe the juvenile will follow through with the program by coming when they are told and being on time. Sentenced offenders are closely supervised by a crew leader while performing various tasks. Projects may include cleaning ditches, maintaining parks, river clean up, trail development, recycling, flood control, storm damage clean up, assisting elderly citizens, and working for many non-profit organizations. Because of budget restraints many of our parks throughout the State today are maintained either solely or in part by active STS crews. STS workers are not paid but rather are compensated with like wages that are applied to fines and/or court costs. Each offender is compensated at the rate of minimum state wage for all hours preformed. Offenders may not financially profit from this program and receive no actual pay. This also offers the offender the option of working off detention time. If offenders were to actually be paid even $6/hour the estimated dollarShow MoreRelatedPunishment Philosophies1704 Words   |  7 Pageswhich justice is applied are determined largely by proposed punishment philosophies. These express various concerns and arguments regarding appropriate sentencing and treatment. The philosophy of rehabilitation dominates the proceedings of juvenile courts, and is heavily scrutinized at an adult level, or when the criminal behavior of juveniles continues to accelerate, but when successful is most beneficial for society. The appeals process advances the fair practice of law, helps ensure the rig htsRead MoreJuvenile Violent Crime And Juvenile Crime Rates1720 Words   |  7 Pagesthey committed. Punishments even included death if the juvenile was deemed to be past the point of help. Later on courts were geared more towards rehabilitation than punishment. Reform movements came along and parents could send their children off to reformatories to live and work as part of their rehabilitation. Due to poor living and working conditions many of these places were closed down. Soon after the Progressive Era, the first juvenile court system was opened in Illinois. The main focus ofRead MoreJuvenile Justice: An Increasingly Complex Problem in our Society1042 Words   |  5 Pages‘Juvenile Justice is an increasingly complex problem in our society’ Table of Contents: Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 Legislation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 Juveniles and the Law†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 Trends†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 4 Analysis of Law†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5 Recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 Appendix A†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 7 Appendix B†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MorePhilosophy of Punishment: Deterrence General and Specific1084 Words   |  5 PagesPhilosophy of Punishment: Deterrence General and Specific Sentencing Model: Indeterminate Sentencing For the philosophy of punishment I chose deterrence, specifically because of the goals and benefit this philosophy. The deterrence punishment is divided in to two separate categories. First on is the general deterrence, the goal of general deterrence is to prevent non-offenders (those who’ve not committed a crime) from committing crimes by exposing non-offenders to the realityRead MoreMaking Poor Decisions : The Sentencing Age For Juveniles1257 Words   |  6 Pagessome juveniles, those poor decisions consist of the commission of criminal offenses, which can automatically set them up for failure in their adult lives. P1 P2 Taking the initiative to change the sentencing age for juveniles will help America not only use funds in a more constructive way, but will also help youth learn from their mistakes without being permanent. In 2004, WSIPP found that those programs such as functional family therapy and aggression replacement training help juveniles controlRead MoreJuvenile Offenders And The United Nations Convention On The Rights Of The Child1464 Words   |  6 PagesQueensland’s criminal justice system’s ability to effectively balance the rights of juvenile offenders with the society’s need for order, as well as examine different stakeholder perspectives and make justified recommendations about legal issues and their outcomes. 2.0 Legislation The Youth Justice Act 1992 (QLD) contains laws for juveniles who commit offences, or are alleged to have committed offences. Under the law a juvenile is a person who is not old enough, by statutory age of criminal responsibilityRead MoreThe Abolition Of The Juvenile Justice System1748 Words   |  7 PagesIn Canada, the juvenile court was established as a tribunal having the sole jurisdiction to hear, process as well as pass judgments for illegal behaviour that are committed by youths. This is a court system that fully distinguishes youths from adults as far as crime is concerned where their misconduct is labeled as delinquent acts rather than crime (Barry, 1987, p. 476). Youth are presumed to have less understanding of social norms and they are less aware of the long-term consequences of their behaviourRead MoreThe Various Stages Of A Criminal Trial1523 Words   |  7 Pagesenvironment. Court usually impose service in the community for criminals as a punishment without incarcerati on. Sanctions like service work can serve an objective of serving a sentence while under supervision. Alternative sanctions relies on community service, and is an avoidance of becoming incarcerated. One of the many examples for community service is scrubbing of graffiti or cleaning up trash along the highway. In-home detention, or â€Å"house-arrest† is when a criminal or juvenile is detained under watchRead MoreThe Case Of Theft And Simple Assault Essay1212 Words   |  5 Pages In Jack and Diane’s case of theft and simple assault, as a sentencing judge, I would want to know each ones history of involvement in the judicial system, and the result of their intake hearing. This way I would know if they have been through the process before and if they have had any labels placed on them and would benefit from diversion more with relabeling (Champion, Merlo, Benekos, 2013). School attendance records along with any discipline issues to see if they are successful in the schoolRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency Is Defined As A Legal Term1435 Words   |  6 PagesJuvenile delin quency is defined as a legal term describing the behavior of a youth that is marked by violation of the law and antisocial behavior. Delinquent acts fall under two categories: adult-committed crime and â€Å"age-related† crime. Adult related crimes are crimes that an adult would be punished for had they committed the crime. Adult related crimes are considered more serious and may include burglary, drug use, and murder. Sometimes children may get charged as adults depending on the severity

Analysis To Define The Multidimensional Features Of Rehabilitation

Question: Discuss about the Analysis To Define The Multidimensional Features Of Rehabilitation. Answer: Introduction: The primary of this paper is to use the case presented by Judy, a 60 years old pakeha woman who lives alone with her pet dog Rufus to submit a detailed literature review on stroke. To do this, the background of Judy is essential. Judy worked part-time as a retail assistant and enjoyed mountain biking with friends. She is presently divorced with one adult son together with many grandchildren. Judy has to care for her grandchildren once they are out of school every day as their parents are working. Unfortunately, she suffered a stroke as she was preparing dinner. This occurrence left Judy with mild dysphasia/aphasia. Judy currently faces difficulties in mobility, and she is sometimes forced to use a walker. Judy is also experiencing awareness loss; insomnia and exhaustion. Judy is increasingly finding it challenging to concentrate. She also prefers spending a considerable amount of time alone. Based on this scenario, the investigator seeks to undertake a thorough literature analysis to define the multidimensional features of rehabilitation and to articulate the rehabilitation team approach efficiently. To achieve this aim, the discussion is structured using the following headings. Identity four aims of rehabilitation Prevention Improve Alleviate Maintenance To help Judy regain her impaired language skills (dysphasia and aphasia) due to the brain damage To help Judy regain her independence To help her improve her quality of life To help her efficiently transition back home To achieve the particular aims of stroke rehabilitation, there is a need to offer intensive and individualized rehabilitation as well as maximize eachs functional abilities alongside independence level. Moreover, it is required that extensive training and education be provided for an individual and their family as well as rebuild the quality of life of the patient. The activities must be organized in a manner that efficiently facilitates the seamless transition of the patient back to her home, community or even works. Stroke rehabilitation must encompass the promotion of independent movement since Judy is paralyzed and even severely weakened (Saposnik et al., 2016). The stroke team of clinicians must assist Judy to perform in a more progressive way starting with simple to complex alongside demanding activities including bathing, dressing and utilizing a toilet. The team must encourage Judy to begin using her stroke-impaired limb as she engages in such activities. Starting to reacquire her ability to perform her necessary chores of everyday living denotes the initial phase of Judys functional independence return (Neurofeedback et al., 2015). Doing this will help maximize Judys life following stroke. The rehabilitation has to start immediately. This will help Judy relearn the skills she had lost when her brain part was affected by the stroke. She will also be able to regain her independence as well as improve the quality of her life. Discuss how five principles of rehabilitation Avoid Aggravation The aim of this rehabilitation is to ensure that Judy is never aggravated. As has been observed in the case study, Judy might become worse if this aim is never met. Thus, these symptoms must be controlled to ensure that Judy is never exacerbated. Compliance Rehabilitation aims at making Judy more compliance with the instructions or interventions. By complying with all the interventions and instructions given to her, Judy will be able to come be re-incorporated into the society once again and do all what she has been loving to do. Timing The rehabilitation must be timing in order that it does not come either late or earlier. As has been seen, Judy is really in need for rehabilitation and, therefore, it is the right time for timely interventions to be given to Judy to help solve her problems. Individualized The rehabilitation needs to be individualized. As in this case, it should be Judy-oriented in that it should focus directly on Judy and not as a group. This is because every victim has his or her own unique needs and hence when it is individualized, the outcome and recovery will be much bigger and faster. The stroke rehabilitation always aims at providing individualized rehabilitation capable of promoting the highest degree of functioning which is feasible Interdisciplinary The recovery of stroke patient will only be achieved by the existence of the experienced interdisciplinary team. This team ensures a coordinated approach as they work thereby making a substantial contribution to the improvement of Judy quality of care in the rehab. The stroke team must comprise of both core and periphery members. The former is usually based on the units of stroke. These include occupational therapists, physiotherapists, speech as well as language therapists, stroke physicians, healthcare assistants as well as nurses. As seen in this case, Judy has lost language skills, and hence the language and speech therapists will be of great help to Judy. The therapy assists must be trained so that they can effectively assist the physiotherapists. The effective multidisciplinary team, therefore, remains the driver for quality improvement in stroke rehab. How components of ICF model are interrelated The ICF Core Set for acute hospital and early post-acute rehabilitation facilities are extremely suitable for nursing rehabilitation. Connecting nursing interventions to ICF Core Set classification is a possible means of analyzing nursing. Utilizing ICF Core Sets in describing goals of nursing interventions facilitates inter-professional communication and respect the needs of patients. Thus, ICF is a valuable framework for setting nursing intervention goals. The ICF entails ICF categories structured in 2 parts, each with 2 distinct components. First ICF part captures functioning and disability. These have the components, Body Functions (coded with b) alongside Body Structures (coded with s) and the Activities and Participation (coded with d). The second part entails contextual factors with such components as Environmental Factors (coded with e) and Personal Factors. Except the Personal Factors, the ICF categories of all the remaining three components are classified and remain hierarc hically detailed up in 4 levels. The hierarchical code system entails abbreviation of component alongside chapter number (for example b2 sensory functions and pain) proceeded by the 2nd level (for example b210 seeing functions), 3rd level (for example b2100 visual acuity functions) and the 4th level (for example b21000 binocular acuity of distant vision). The Activities and Participation component of ICF is closely related to Judys scenario. This is because it gives the information and the procedure necessary to help Judy participate in activities which will help her regain her ability to walk alone and even get out and stop feeling isolated. The environmental factors component is also related to Judys situation. For example, it will showcase the effects of environment to Judys conditions which then will be mitigated or prevented to ensure that Judy is okay and re-integrated back into the society. The Body Structures component is also significant to this situation because it helps understand the body structures help the nurses get insights into what is happening in Judys body and then get the best intervention that is based on age. This will make Judy situation to be reversed effectively and in a timely manner. The ICF is a classification of health and its related domains. It is the WHOs framework for measuring the health at both population and individual level. The ICF model comprises of two parts: the Functioning and Disability and Contextual factors. It offers a standard language as well as the conceptual basis for defining and measuring disability and avails the codes and classifications. It provides the scientific, operational footing for the description, understanding as well as studying health and health-associated outcomes, determinant, and states. The components of ICF model are: In the first part-functioning and disability, body functions and body structures; and activities and participation form the main two components. The second part-contextual factors include two components as environmental factors and personal factors. All these four components have a close relationship with Judys stroke condition (Levy et al., 2016). The functioning and disability results from interactions b etween Judys health conditions and her environment. Thus, the team will be able to define Judys health condition based on the ICF model which puts every person in context. From ICF, the rehab team can understand that Judys functioning in this scenario displays her health condition (stroke) and contextual: personal and environmental factors. Thus, from the ICF model, the rehab team gets a common language and high-level classification structure that permits the rehab team to accurately describe and quantify their rehab practices and interventions to help Judy (Anderson et al., 2015)). The ICF model is thus useful in stroke rehabilitation activities like considering health and functioning, setting goals for rehabilitating Judy, evaluating the treatment outcomes, communicating with Judy and other fellow members of the team (Birgfeld et al., 2015). By providing the common language crossways clinical disciplines, and with Judy, the model will be useful in ensuring collaborative, multidisciplinary team. The ICF model helps the rehab team to describe activities and participation in Judys rehabilitation. For example, it will be used in the scenario to define the tasks and activities that both rehab team individual will do alongside those that Judy will be required to do and Judys involvement in the life situations which is defin ed as participation (Whiteman, Dhesi, Walker, 2015). The rationale for the multi-disciplinary team The primary driver for improvement in quality in stroke services remains SSNAP. There remains unambiguous evidence of enhanced outcomes when stroke patient like Judys scenario is treated in the unit using multidisciplinary teams. When contrasted with conventional care, effectively organized inpatient stroke care culminates in a long-term decrease in death, need for institutional care as well as dependency. Good evidence that ESD teams enhanced earlier discharge, increased probability that Judy will regain her independence in tasks which support her everyday living as well as lead to less requirement for long-term institutional care by Judy (Berber et al., 2016). Such outcomes are linked to the services of established ESD team and unit, employing skilled stroke professionals that highly collaborate via regular multidisciplinary team meetings and precisely defined pathways of stroke care within a broad context of community care or hospital services. The improvements in patient care qua lity have expressly been linked to team-working by the policymakers. Health professionals with specialist skills as well as knowledge are coordinated in rehab centers because of the complexity of response to as well as recovery from strokes neurological injury (Winstein et al., 2016). The multidisciplinary stroke teams remain more significant than any other healthcare teams and hence it is essential they highly coordinated and collaborate. The recorded benefits of efficient team-working entail more patient-focused decision making, decline in care fragmentation as well as surged staff satisfaction alongside increased effective and efficient utilization of resources (Anderson, Woodbury, Phillips Gauthier, 2015). Nevertheless, guidelines, policies alongside research evidence cannot individually result in a change in the behavior of health professionals. A commonly understood purpose alongside perceived or real benefit at both organizational and individual levels will ensure that Judy receives the best rehabilitation from the team. References Anderson, K. R., Woodbury, M. L., Phillips, K., Gauthier, L. V. (2015). Virtual reality video games to promote movement recovery in stroke rehabilitation: a guide for clinicians.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation,96(5), 973-976. Anderson, Y. C., Wynter, L. E., Moller, K. R., Cave, T. L., Dolan, G. M., Grant, C. C., ... Hofman, P. L. (2015). The effect of a multi-disciplinary obesity intervention compared to usual practice in those ready to make lifestyle changes: design and rationale of Whanau Pakari.BMC obesity,2(1), 41. Berber, R., Skinner, J., Board, T., Kendoff, D., Eskelinen, A., Kwon, Y. M., ... Hart, A. (2016). International metal-on-metal multidisciplinary teams: do we manage patients with metal-on-metal hip arthroplasty in the same way? An analysis from the International Specialist Centre Collaboration on MOM Hips (ISCCoMH).Bone Joint J,98(2), 179-186. Birgfeld, C. B., Dufton, L., Naumann, H., Hopper, R. A., Gruss, J. S., Haberkern, C. M., Speltz, M. L. (2015). Safety of Open Cranial Vault Surgery for Single Suture Craniosynostosis: A Case for the Multi-disciplinary Team.The Journal of craniofacial surgery,26(7), 2052. Eisenberg, D. M., Kaptchuk, T., Post, D. E., Hrbek, A. L., Oconnor, B. B., Osypiuk, K., ... Levy, D. B. (2016). Establishing an integrative medicine program within an academic health center: essential considerations.Academic medicine: journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges,91(9), 1223. Gillen, G. (2015).Stroke rehabilitation: a function-based approach. Elsevier Health Sciences. Levy, R. M., Harvey, R. L., Kissela, B. M., Winstein, C. J., Lutsep, H. L., Parrish, T. B., ... Venkatesan, L. (2016). Epidural electrical stimulation for stroke rehabilitation: results of the prospective, multicenter, randomized, single-blinded everest trial.Neurorehabilitation and neural repair,30(2), 107-119. Lohse, K. R., Lang, C. E., Boyd, L. A. (2014). Is more better? Using metadata to explore doseresponse relationships in stroke rehabilitation.Stroke,45(7), 2053-2058. Neurofeedback, S. R. U. C. L., Nair, V. A., Young, B. M., Nigogosyan, Z., Remsick, A., Weber, S., ... Edwards, D. F. (2015). Resting state Functional Connectivity Changes After Stroke Rehabilitation Using Closed Loop Neurofeed back.Stroke,46, A6. Saposnik, G., Cohen, L. G., Mamdani, M., Pooyania, S., Ploughman, M., Cheung, D., ... Nilanont, Y. (2016). Efficacy and safety of non-immersive virtual reality exercising in stroke rehabilitation (EVREST): a randomised, multicentre, single-blind, controlled trial.The Lancet Neurology,15(10), 1019-1027. Spinelli, L., Trudell, C., Edelstein, L., Reding, M. (2017). Abstract TP137: Robotic Upper Limb Therapy by a Trained Volunteer on an Inpatient Stroke Rehabilitation Unit. Whiteman, A. R., Dhesi, J. K., Walker, D. (2015). The high-risk surgical patient: a role for a multi-disciplinary team approach?. Winstein, C. J., Stein, J., Arena, R., Bates, B., Cherney, L. R., Cramer, S. C., ... Lang, C. E. (2016). American Heart Association Stroke Council, Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing, Council on Clinical Cardiology, and Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research. Guidelines for Adult Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association.Stroke,47(6), e98-e169.

how to argue and win every time Essay Example For Students

how to argue and win every time Essay HOW TO ARGUE AND WIN EVERYTIMEJerry Spence startes off by asking why do we argue? He says that he doesnt like to argue and he doesnt like people that do. The confused me at first. He askes why not ty to get along, and besides when he argues he loses. He says we were born to make a winning argument just as we were born to walk. Mr. Spence says that we are so bound up, so mute. From the moment we have been conditioned to avoid confrontation. We have been taught not to let our emotions show. By the time we become adults the word argue calls up dark and negative feelings. Many throughout our lives have forced up to accept their ways, their relugion, their values, ect The key to our freedom is embarrassingly obvious. We need only to give ourselves permission, to unlock to doors. The key is to give ourselves permission to peer out of our closets and to look around, to ask questions and demand respect. We need to speak out and just to be. Most people are afriad to argue because it just causes trouble. Our arguements turn sour, the words ugly, the passages to the heart close, and the feelings of love are replaced by the hurt and the anger. But, fear is ourr ally. Fear confirms us. Fear is our energy that is convertible to POWER-our power. We need to learn not to afraid of our fear but to embrace it. If you feel your fear, you can also feel its power and you can change its power into YOUR power.First, to win an argument, exhaustive preparation is essential. The most prepared person will usually win. In the preparation process, you must thoroughly research and understand your case, and you must also thoroughly research and understand your opponents pos ition. You should know and understand the facts and arguments of your opponent better than he or she does. Second, you must have a profound understanding of the thinking and emotions of the decision maker(s) in his case, the jury. Your argument should be framed to harmonize with the decision makers values, wants and needs. You must understand the prejudices of the jurors and address the built-in objections they may have to your arguments. You must help them to understand the motives of your client and identify with them as their own. In other words, empathize with the jurors and help them empathize with your client. Mr. Spence emphasizes that, in order for the jurors to believe your arguments, you must argue from your own sincere belief. You also have to talk to them in their own language, treat them with respect and relate with them so they can relate back to you. If you act superior to them, you will probably make them your enemies and never gain their trust. Mr. Spence says that , in your personal relationships, you may find the only way to win an argument is to lose. If the only way to win your point is to destroy the relationship, you may find its better to concede. This was an excellent book on argumentation skills. However, first you have to define what it is to win. What do you want to get from the argument and what are you willing to risk to get that? Through several examples he works out how to win by losing, how to win by empowering others, how to win by redirecting the prejudice of others or using that prejudice to your advantage, etc. He spends a great deal of time discussing the importance of using stories to illustrate points and does a fine job of it. The book is filled with stories and experiences from his real life courtroom experiences and how his arguments affected the jury, sometimes in a manner that surprised him and sometimes in the manner he expected. Even when the results were a surprise he explains why, after thinking about it, the de cision went the way it did. The book is highly slanted toward the argument styles of a lawyer in front of a jury. However, it is useful to anyone in any